How Proper Storage and Transportation Can Ensure Quality in Exported Goods
How Proper Storage and Transportation Can Ensure Quality in Exported Goods
Pakistan is highly known for its good quality agricultural produce, particularly Mangoes, Citrus, and Potatoes. The goods being highly perishable in nature get affected by factors such as temperature fluctuations, humidity, and physical damage. Improper handling and storage can lead to a significant decline in quality, resulting in reduced shelf life, compromised nutritional value, and decreased market value.
It is, however, very difficult to maintain this quality of produce from the farm up to the international market. Quality does not only affect consumer satisfaction but also impinges on the reputation of Pakistani produce in the international market, repeat business, and long-term contracts. This article underlines the need for proper storage and transportation methods to guarantee the quality of exported fruits and vegetables.
Effective Storage Practices
1. Pest Control:
Among the quantum of pests and diseases of quarantine concern for Pakistan’s fresh produce industry, Fruit flies (Bactrocera zonatus and Bactrocera dorsalis) are of major concern as they primarily attack Mangoes, Guavas, and Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, and grapefruits). Infestation can cause huge losses, as the larvae feed on the fruit, thereby resulting in its spoilage and premature dropping. This makes regular checking and pest control very necessary to prevent contamination and losses due to infestation.
2. Temperature Control:
Different fruits and vegetables require certain temperatures to be provided to the produce during storage. For example, Mangoes require 10-13°C to extend shelf life, while Potatoes require cool but not freezing temperatures. Employing advanced cooling systems and temperature-controlled storage facilities is essential to prevent spoilage and preserve freshness.
3. Humidity Management:
The recommended levels of relative humidity prevent dehydration and shriveling of produce. For example, Leafy greens and Tomatoes require high humidity to stay crisp, while Apples and Potatoes require lower humidity to prevent mold growth and sprouting. Using humidity regulators and monitoring systems ensure the quality of fruits and vegetables.
4. Sanitation and hygiene:
The packaging material (jute bags, recycled polypropylene bags etc) being used for packing and transportation from farm to wholesale markets could also be a potential source of contamination. The sanitation and hygiene standards of the storage facilities can be kept high by regularly cleaning and sanitizing the storage racks and shelving units. Train laborers on proper personal hygiene, which includes handwashing, wearing clean uniforms, using protective gear, etc.
5. Ventilation:
Proper ventilation prevents the buildup of ethylene gas, which can accelerate ripening and lead to premature spoilage of fruits and vegetables. Apples and Tomatoes produce ethylene gas, which can accelerate ripening and cause premature spoilage. Install air filters and effective ventilation systems to remove particulates and contaminants from the air, improving overall air quality.
Effective Transportation Practices
1. Packaging:
Using high-quality, durable packaging materials designed for specific types of produce helps protect fruits and vegetables from physical damage and spoilage. In Pakistan, fruits and vegetables are predominantly packed and exported in wooden crates, which are banned in many of the import markets. Following packaging material should be used instead:
- Cardboard and Corrugated Paper → used for packing Apples and Potatoes as it provides cushioning and structural support.
- Plastic Bags → used for Leafy greens and Carrots to maintain humidity and prevent dehydration.
- Mesh Bags → used for Citrus fruits, Onions, and Potatoes to prevent moisture buildup.
- Wax-Coated Packaging → used for Cucumbers and Apples to provide a moisture barrier
2. Refrigeration:
Refrigeration will prevent the growth of many dangerous bacteria growing on fruits and vegetables, with Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria being responsible for foodborne illness. Maintaining a consistent cold chain from storage to transportation is vital to preserve the quality, safety, and shelf life of these products.
3. Handling Procedures:
Training of personnel on gentle handling techniques reduces the risk of bruising and other physical damage to the exported goods. The adoption of good loading and off-loading practices and reduction in transit times will help deliver the product quickly and maintain high-quality.
4. Documentation and Compliance:
Adhering to international export regulations and standards like Good Agricultural Practices and HACCP ensures that the product meets the quality and safety requirements of importing countries. Proper documentation in terms of certificates of origin and quality helps in smooth customs clearance and builds trust with international buyers.
Benefits of Proper Storage and Transportation Practices
- Extended Shelf Life: By maintaining optimal temperature, humidity, and ventilation conditions, the spoilage and decay of goods can be significantly reduced. This enables exporters to store goods for longer periods without compromising their quality, allowing them to reach distant markets without worrying about freshness.
- Maintained Nutritional Value: Temperature, humidity, and the intensity of light should be controlled to reduce the degradation of important vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. This helps to maintain the natural flavor, texture, and aroma of the food during the export process, promoting healthy products among consumers.
- Compliance to International Quality Standards: Following global food safety regulations and quality standards set by importing countries enhances the reputation of Pakistani exporters and opens up new market opportunities.
- Enhanced Market Competitiveness: High-quality products that meet international standards lead to increased demand, improved market share, and revenue growth. This enables Pakistani exporters to compete with other major exporters and establish themselves as reliable suppliers.
- Increased Customer Satisfaction: Consistent quality and reliability lead to positive word-of-mouth and repeat business, driving customer satisfaction and loyalty.
- Reduced Economic Losses: Proper storage and transportation practices minimize losses due to spoilage and damage. Reduced costs associated with rejections and returns, combined with increased profitability, contribute to the economic growth of Pakistani exporters.
Proper implementation of best storage and transportation practices conserves quality of the produce as well as affirms Pakistan as a reputable and high-quality supplier in the eyes of the world community. For exporters, though, investment in these practices is a must for continued quality, pleasing customers by satisfaction, and the expansion of the business into a competitive export market.
